Governor of People's Bank of China (PBOC) Yi Gang in Beijing, Sept. 24, 2019.FLORENCE LO/Reuters
China lowered its lending benchmark rate on Wednesday, as widely expected, to reduce company funding costs and shore up an economy hurt by slowing demand and U.S. trade tariffs.
The cut was the second to a key Chinese rate this week and came a day after central bank governor Yi Gang said Beijing would step up credit support and lower real lending rates, as pressure on the world’s second-largest economy increases.
With growth sliding to near 30-year lows and a partial trade deal with the United States proving elusive, China has slowly picked up its tempo of policy easing in recent weeks, with authorities pushing banks to keep supporting cash-strapped small- and medium-sized businesses.
Wednesday’s pruning of the loan prime rate (LPR) followed China’s first cut in a short-term market rate in four years on Monday, suggesting the start of “a new easing cycle”, said Ji Tianhe, China head of foreign exchange and local markets strategy at BNP Paribas in Beijing, who says there is room for rates to go lower.
The one-year LPR, a rate set by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) based on quotes from a panel of banks, fell five basis points to 4.15% from 4.20% in October. The five-year LPR was lowered by the same margin to 4.80% from 4.85%.
The one-year LPR has now been reduced three times since it became the official lending benchmark in August, and this week’s twin cuts suggest the PBOC is keen to push ahead with lowering financing costs across the curve despite pressures on inflation from rising pork prices from an outbreak of African Swine Fever.
All 64 respondents in a Reuters snap survey this week had predicted a reduction in the one-year LPR, which is set on the 20th of each month. Thirty-seven respondents also expected the five-year rate to be cut for the first time.
The lowering of the five-year rate, which is used to price housing mortgages, could suggest policymakers may be softening their cautious regulatory stance toward the property market, a major growth driver in the past, Capital Economics said in a research note.
“With the prop from recent monetary easing likely to be underwhelming and headwinds to economic growth mounting, we think the PBOC will start to cut rates more aggressively in the coming months,” Martin Lynge Rasmussen, China economist at Capital Economics, said in a research note.
Top policymakers had vowed in July they would not use the property market as a form of short-term stimulus, which would risk an even sharper build-up in debt and property bubbles.
The global debt load has surged $78 trillion since 2008, and China alone has accounted for 40% of the increase, according to a recent report by the Institute of International Finance (IIF).
IS CHINA RELAXING ITS TOUGH PROPERTY STANCE?
China’s government has pledged not to open the floodgates to massive stimulus as it did in the past, and has largely leaned on a prescription of higher infrastructure spending, tax cuts and frequent liquidity injections to cushion the current slowdown.
The PBOC has cut banks’ reserve requirement ratios (RRR) seven times since early 2018 to free up more funds for lending. Analysts at ING estimate various liquidity injections totalled 955 billion yuan ($135.76 billion) in just over the last three months.
The cut in the LPR was the third to a major policy rate this month, though the moves have been much more modest than easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve and some other central banks.
On Monday, the PBOC unexpectedly trimmed the seven-day reverse repurchase rate to 2.50% from 2.55%, which followed a cut in its medium-term lending facility (MLF) just two weeks ago.
Analysts and traders believe policymakers are signalling to nervous markets that they remain ready to act to prop up slowing growth, despite a recent spike in consumer inflation which some fear may limit the central bank’s room to manoeuvre.
Tommy Xie, head of Greater China research at OCBC Bank in Singapore, said the latest cut would “buy more time for the manufacturing sector to stabilise and the infrastructure sector to catch up.”
But he added policymakers would remain cautious, mindful of the balancing act between spurring economic growth and creating additional financial risks.
The PBOC’s third-quarter policy statement released on Saturday had stirred speculation authorities may ease restrictions on the sector to boost economic activity.
The central bank removed a line saying “housing is for living in, not for speculation”, but kept a phrase that “the property sector should not be used as a short-term stimulus for the economy”, which appeared in its second-quarter report.
OCBC’s Xie, however, did not think the cut in the five-year rate on Wednesday meant China was relaxing its grip on the property market, where regulators have spent years trying to curb speculation and soaring prices.
Likewise, Yan Se, chief economist at Founder Securities in Beijing, said there may only be some fine-tuning of the country’s tight “one size fits all” housing policy.
Yan added that the reduction in the LPR was to emphasise the MLF rate, which now serves as the benchmark for the LPR, to effectively lower the financing costs to the real economy.
The LPR is a lending reference rate set monthly by 18 banks. The PBOC revamped the mechanism to price LPR in August, loosely pegging it to the MLF rate.