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San Francisco-based Levi’s, which returned to the public markets in March, is part of a wave of retailers that have been shifting supply chains out of China to countries such as Vietnam and Bangladesh.Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Levi Strauss & Co. has been “deliberate and diligent” in moving production out of China because of uncertainty hanging over tariffs on goods imported from China, chief executive Chip Bergh said.

Just 1 per cent or 2 per cent of Levi’s products sold in the United States are manufactured in China, Mr. Bergh said, compared with 16 per cent two years ago. Mr. Bergh was speaking one day before U.S. President Donald Trump said he would impose tariffs on another US$300-billion of Chinese goods, including apparel.

Mr. Trump has used tariffs as a tool to negotiate better trade terms, saying bad deals cost millions of U.S. jobs. Along with apparel, the new tariffs hit consumer goods such as electronics and toys and come in addition to those already imposed on US$250-billion of other goods imported from China.

The on-again, off-again nature of the U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods had created uncertainty for many U.S. retailers, Mr. Bergh said.

“Every day is a new day,” he said. “Sometimes it looks like it’s definitely going to happen and then other days you think it’s off, it’s not going to happen.”

San Francisco-based Levi’s, which returned to the public markets in March, is part of a wave of retailers that have been shifting supply chains out of China to countries such as Vietnam and Bangladesh. The trend was initially in response to higher Chinese wages, but the exodus is expected to be accelerated by the new tariffs, which Mr. Trump said will go into effect Sept. 1.

They are expected to increase consumers’ costs and have an impact across the entire retail industry.

Apparel retailers such as Gap Inc., handbag brand Steve Madden Ltd. and department store Macy’s Inc. also have acted to move production out of China.

However, China still is a big supplier to the industry with 42 per cent of apparel and 69 per cent of footwear sold in the United States made in China, according to the American Apparel and Footwear Association.

After the latest tariff news, several large retail trade groups warned the levied tariffs will hurt consumer purchases, raise prices and limit hiring.

Levi’s has two of its own factories in Poland and South Africa, but mostly uses third-party vendors or suppliers spread across 22 different countries, said Mr. Bergh, who joined the company in September, 2011.

“We’ve narrowed down our supplier base during the time that I’ve been here to really develop deeper, more strategic relationships with many of our suppliers,” he said.

Many of Levi’s suppliers in China are publicly traded companies that have multicountry footprints, Mr. Bergh said, that have diversified risk by building factories in places such as Vietnam and Cambodia.

Among Levi’s best-selling products are the 501 men’s jeans, which go for between US$39.99 and US$49.99, according to Levi’s website.

Mr. Trump also has threatened to impose tariffs on Mexico in retaliation for illegal immigration largely from Central America, across the U.S.-Mexican border. He is pushing Congress to approve the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, a deal his administration reached to replace the North American free-trade agreement.

Levi’s also has put contingency plans in place “not just for China, but also for Mexico in the event that NAFTA gets ripped up in a moment of rage or something,” Mr. Bergh said.

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