A fire-alarm sized sensor will be mounted on walls and ceilings to track sensors attached to healthcare professionals' ID badges and patients' hospital bracelets as part of a hospital surveillance system which will be launched to monitor hand washing at Toronto General Hospital on Monday, Feb. 13, 2012.
The scourge of health-care facilities across the country, hospital-acquired infections sicken hundreds of thousands of Canadians each year, lengthening hospital stays and threatening lives.
New, antibiotic-resistant strains could exacerbate the problem, making it more problematic for hospitals to treat patients with the suite of medications they're used to prescribing.
In an environment where governments are looking to cut health-care spending – not increase it with longer patient stays – one hospital is piloting a made-in-Canada surveillance program aimed at tracking how the deadly diseases spread and what can be done to keep them at bay.
Toronto General Hospital will launch a project this month that uses ultrasound technology to paint a detailed picture of staff hand-washing practices, potential "hot spots" for disease transmission and points of contact between staff and patients.
"It's going to provide a level of understanding that we've never had before," said Michael Gardam, director of infection prevention and control at the University Health Network.
Dubbed Hospital Watch Live, the new system will rely on more than 1,000 ultrasound devices located throughout the facility. Organ-transplant patients will receive miniature "badges" attached to their wristbands on admission; doctors will pin them to their shirts; and they'll adorn hundreds of pieces of equipment ranging from wheelchairs to commodes.
Larger sensors mounted on the walls and ceilings are equipped with microphones that record information and feed it into an interactive database that can be accessed by staff through the hospital's internal Web system.
The system was developed by Infonaut, a Toronto-based company whose CEO, Niall Wallace, is a former IT professional who started the company after watching Ontario's response to the 2003 SARS outbreak.
"At that time there was really no surveillance available and it was tough to get a handle on what was happening," he said. "You can't understand disease without understanding where things are travelling."
The equipment is sensitive enough that it can recognize when physicians are facing a patient, when they turn their backs and when they step out of the room. It also picks up when staff members should wash their hands (every time they step out of the "patient environment") and records whether or not that's done.
The data aren't meant to be punitive, which means an errant nurse who fails to wash won't be singled out. Instead, it's grouped together by unit to give teams of health-care workers a better idea of their aggregated performance.
"And that's done very specifically for a reason," Dr. Gardam said. "This is meant for us to improve, it's not meant to be [used for]pointing fingers."
Edith Blondel-Hill, medical director of a B.C. and Alberta-wide program called Do Bugs Need Drugs?, said she would support any project that might increase hand-washing rates for health-care workers, but her focus has been more on education than technology.
"I'm still of the mind that if we teach the public to expect hand washing from health-care practitioners, and we teach children, in the long run hopefully we wouldn't need to get these detection devices," she said.
Dr. Blondel-Hill's program is aimed at increasing hand washing and cutting down on the unnecessary use of antibiotics. She said she recently looked into another system that sees doctors wear badges that glow green when their hands are freshly washed, but decided it wasn't right for her hospital, which is in Kelowna, B.C., in part because of the cost.
The Infonaut pilot project came with a hefty price tag of its own, but one that was softened with some external funding. The University Health Network scored a $555,000 grant from a federal program called Canada Health Infoway, sponsored through Health Canada to help launch the project. Infonaut kicked in another $750,000 of its own, loaned to the company at a favourable rate by Health Technology Exchange. The initial pilot will last 18 months.
If the equipment is successful in bringing down infection rates, Mr. Wallace said he expects it to generate a return on initial financial investment within the first nine months to a year.
Dr. Gardam said he's already received suggestions about how to use the data: One group of nurses wants to know if patients in isolation receive less attention than other patients, and others want to see how daytime workers stack up against the night shift in hand-washing compliance.
No one is obligated to wear the tracking devices, he added, since he's convinced that staff will only come up with innovations if they're participating voluntarily.
"If you really want to bring about lasting, sustained change, people have to come up with the ideas themselves and they have to implement the ideas themselves," he said. "There are all sorts of things we can start doing with this. Our job is to show them all the stuff they can do, and then allow them to go wild."