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Studies have found that drinking juice doesn’t help people feel full, even though a glass of it contains a few hundred calories.

What is juice? According to Canada's Food Guide, the country's official healthy-eating bible, a half-cup of 100-per-cent fruit juice is equivalent to a serving of fruit. But if you ask a nutritionist, obesity expert or public-health advocate, you will likely get a different answer.

As more evidence emerges showing a link between moderate or high sugar consumption and heart disease, stroke, obesity and other serious health problems, many experts are looking at sugars, and the sources of the sweet stuff – even vitamin-rich juice – in a new way. And that means pure fruit juice, once the beacon of balanced breakfasts and nutritious school lunches, is undergoing a rapid reassessment.

"It's flat soda pop masquerading as healthful," said Dr. Yoni Freedhoff, assistant professor of family medicine at the University of Ottawa and medical director of the Bariatric Medical Institute.

It's becoming increasingly clear that despite what many of us believe, fruit juice is not a healthy choice.

For years, conventional wisdom said that even though 100-per-cent fruit juice contains a fair bit of sugar, any negative effects were outweighed by the vitamins and nutrients it contains.

That thinking led Health Canada to count a half-cup of pure fruit juice toward the daily servings of fruit and vegetables recommended by the Canada Food Guide, a document used by public-health officials, dietitians, nutritionists and educators across the country. And it's what led the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada to allow many fruit-juice makers to put its coveted Health Check seal on their products.

Now, the tide is turning. A study published earlier this year in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that people who get 10 to 25 per cent of their daily calories from sugar increase their risk of cardiovascular problems by as much as 30 per cent. In March, the World Health Organization declared that people should limit consumption of "free sugars," which includes sugar added to food by manufacturers or consumers, as well as fruit juice, honey and syrups, to no more than 10 per cent of total daily calories. Ideally, the WHO says the limit should be 5 per cent of daily calories, which is about 100 for the average adult. There's at least that many calories in half a cup of most types of 100-per-cent juice.

The Heart and Stroke Foundation is in the midst of a major review of its policies on sugar consumption, and the outcome could result in changes to which products qualify for the Health Check program, said Manuel Arango, the organization's director of health policy.

The Canadian Paediatric Society's guidelines say children should drink no more than a half-cup of juice a day – 100-per-cent fruit juice, not juice blends or cocktails, which often contain added sugar.

Aside from the sugar content, there are a few other concerns that make fruit juice a less-than-ideal choice. Fruit juice doesn't have the fibre or phytochemicals found in whole fruit. And a number of studies have found that drinking juice doesn't help people feel full, even though a glass of it contains a few hundred calories.

"It's not as clearly bad as sugar water, but it [has] nowhere near the health benefits that actual fruit has," said Dr. Tom Warshawski, pediatrician and chair of the Childhood Obesity Foundation.

Diane Welland, nutrition communications manager with the Washington-based Juice Products Association, takes a different view. "I think some of these worries are unfounded," she said.

The Juice Products Association has research showing people who consume fruit juice also eat healthier diets than people who don't and that fruit juice, on its own, cannot explain rising rates of obesity and other health problems.

Carol Freysinger, executive director of the Juice Products Association, said fruit juice is just the latest victim of the anti-sugar crusade. "Sugar is the demon du jour," she said.

She may be right. But as new reports and warnings about the dangers of moderate and excessive sugar consumption continue to dominate headlines, health experts want to capitalize on the opportunity to deliver a simple, but very important, message.

"You should eat your fruit and drink your water," says Warshawski. "You shouldn't try to drink your fruit."

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