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These are stories Report on Business is following Tuesday, July 22, 2014.

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Entitlement
The best time to ask for a raise may be when you're feeling particularly entitled. And, a study suggests, you feel more entitled when you're hungry.

Ergo, ask for the raise before lunch. Or, if you're the boss, hold off the conversation until after lunch.

The authors of the study don't actually say that the best time to have that money talk is when you're hungry. Those promoting the conference where the paper will be promoted do, however, and the title of the study is "I need food and I deserve a raise: People feel more entitled when hungry."

Assistant professor Emily Zitek of Cornell University and adjunct assistant professor Alexander Jordan of Dartmouth College say in the study that entitlement is rising and it's "becoming increasing common for a poorly performing employee to demand a raise or for a slacking student to demand an A on a paper."

For business, this is important because of its potential impact in the workplace.

"Research demonstrates that entitlement has specific negative consequences in the workplace," they write, citing previous work on the issue.

"Entitled individuals are more likely to blame external factors for problems at work … and perceive that they are being treated poorly by their supervisors."

The researchers conducted two studies, involving participants who had and hadn't eaten lunch. What they found was a "significantly greater sense of entitlement" among the latter.

There was a second study involving a lab that either smelled like pizza or didn't. In one case, participants sat in the room while a frozen pizza was warming up in a toaster oven, then taken out by someone who said "she was grabbing her lunch."

While there were other factors, those who "smelled the pizza" were a bit hungrier and also "reported a significantly greater sense of entitlement."

(Sort of like when I get home from work and find my kids eating pizza.)

"Entitlement can cause big problems in the workplace … so managers might want to provide food to employees or wait to schedule potentially contentious meetings until after lunch," the researchers say in their paper, which will presented at the Academy of Management annual meeting next month in Philadelphia.

"Similarly, if a person wants to cut back on his or her own entitlement, that person should make sure to eat before interacting with others or making important decisions," they add.

"It is interesting to note that, although certainly due to a host of factors, organizations with readily-available food, such as Google, are also known for having unentitled, grateful, and satisfied employees."

Late-breaking news

Job vacancies improve
It's not what you'd necessarily call good news, but it is better: For every job vacancy in Canada, there are 6.1 people who are unemployed.

And that, economist Douglas Porter said today, is "mildly encouraging" because the country had been suffering from lower vacancies recently.

According to Statistics Canada today, businesses across the country had a three-month average of 227,000 job vacancies in April, just about the same as a year earlier.

That put the national job vacancy rate at 1.5 per cent, also little changed from a year ago.

But, said Mr. Porter, the chief economist at BMO Nesbitt Burns, the readings from earlier this year were signs of weakening in the labour market.

This is just one month, but at least it has stopped "deteriorating," he noted.

"We've had a lot of negative labour market news recent," Mr. Porter added.

Indeed, the more widely followed unemployment rate inched up in June to 7.1 per cent as the level of employment in Canada notched the slowest annual increase since early 2010, up just 0.4 per cent on a 12-month basis.

Almost 1.4 million people are without work.

In the first quarter of the year, there were 223,000 vacancies, putting the nation rate at 1.4 per cent. And in March, the number of unemployed Canadians for each vacancy was 6.8.

Saudis to open market
Saudi Arabia is opening a new front for investors, giving them access to the region's largest economy.

The cabinet agreed last night to allow the country's Capital Market Authority "to open the way for foreign financial institutions to buy and sell stocks listed on Tadawul," the Saudi Press Agency said today.

That market is valued at $530-billion (U.S.), and the plan to is to open it up in the first half of next year.

Harley-Davidson sinks
Are bikers feeling the pinch?

Shares of Harley-Davidson Inc. sank today after the motorcycle maker beat profit estimates but trimmed its projections for shipments.

Harley-Davidson profit climbed in the second quarter of the year to $354.2-million (U.S.), or $1.62 a share, diluted, from $271.7-million or $1.21 a share a year earlier.

Revenue rose to $2-billion from $1.8-billion.

The company, whose stock symbol is HOG, also now forecasts 2014 shipments of between 270,000 and 275,000 globally, down from an earlier forecast of between 279,000 and 284,000.

"U.S. retail Harley-Davidson sales fell short of our expectations in the second quarter," said chief executive officer Keith Wandell.

"Because we are committed to managing supply in line with demand, we are reducing our full-year shipment plan and now expect shipment growth of approximately 3.5 per cent to 5.5 per cent over last year."

A different kind of investment
In Pennsylvania, they're not kidding when they say they've got a bridge to sell you.

Actually, they've got 11, and they're going for cheap. But you have to move the bridge, and actually use it somewhere.

The bridges, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, are state-, county- and municipally-owned ones that are scheduled to be replaced because they don't fit today's needs.

"In an effort to preserve some of Pennsylvania's wonderful historic bridges, the Commonwealth is marketing a number of them, currently scheduled for replacement due to load and width limitations," the department says on its website.

"In the past, we've placed some of our historic bridges with state parks, Rails to Trails projects, and university campuses, and we're actively seeking more opportunities for adaptive reuse of these beautiful old structures.," it adds.

Pennsylvania says it boasts the third-highest number of bridges in the United States.

Up to 80 per cent of the cost of tearing down and moving a bridge can be covered under a federal program.

And according to Reuters, they're selling from between $1 (U.S.) and $500.

Such bridges, according to the department, can be used on bike and walking trails, or in parks, for example.

And not exactly something for your backyard, this one, but the state itself is trying to sell the two-span Pond Eddy Bridge, which is 504 feet long and 16 feet wide.

(Each span is 252 feet, and you can buy them "as a set or individually.")

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Tickers mentioned in this story

Study and track financial data on any traded entity: click to open the full quote page. Data updated as of 19/04/24 4:00pm EDT.

SymbolName% changeLast
AAPL-Q
Apple Inc
-1.22%165
HOG-N
Harley-Davidson Inc
+0.56%38.04
KO-N
Coca-Cola Company
+2.14%60.17
MSFT-Q
Microsoft Corp
-1.27%399.12
NOK-N
Nokia Corp ADR
+2.03%3.52
SBUX-Q
Starbucks Corp
+0.53%87.61

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